@font-face{ font-family:"Times New Roman"; } @font-face{ font-family:"宋体"; } @font-face{ font-family:"Calibri"; } @font-face{ font-family:"Arial"; } p.MsoNormal{ mso-style-name:正文; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt; } span.msoIns{ mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single; color:blue; } span.msoDel{ mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:line-through; color:red; } @page{mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;}@page Section0{ } div.Section0{page:Section0;}在患者症状较轻的情况下，推荐使用常规的药物治疗，例如糖皮质激素（布地奈德）和白三烯受体拮抗剂（平奇®孟鲁司特钠）。也可在医生进行综合评价之后，进行破坏筛前神经和翼管神经手术、下鼻甲切除术、使用等离子低温射频消融术等手术方式。每天冲洗三次且长期坚持用盐水清洗鼻腔也是安全有效的措施。 @font-face{ font-family:"Times New Roman"; } @font-face{ font-family:"宋体"; } @font-face{ font-family:"Calibri"; } p.MsoNormal{ mso-style-name:正文; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt; } span.msoIns{ mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single; color:blue; } span.msoDel{ mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:line-through; color:red; } @page{mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;}@page Section0{ } div.Section0{page:Section0;} @font-face{ font-family:"Times New Roman"; } @font-face{ font-family:"宋体"; } @font-face{ font-family:"Calibri"; } p.MsoNormal{ mso-style-name:正文; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt; } span.msoIns{ mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single; color:blue; } span.msoDel{ mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:line-through; color:red; } @page{mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;}@page Section0{ } div.Section0{page:Section0;} @font-face{ font-family:"Times New Roman"; } @font-face{ font-family:"宋体"; } @font-face{ font-family:"Calibri"; } p.MsoNormal{ mso-style-name:正文; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt; } span.msoIns{ mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single; color:blue; } span.msoDel{ mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:line-through; color:red; } @page{mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;}@page Section0{ } div.Section0{page:Section0;} @font-face{ font-family:"Times New Roman"; } @font-face{ font-family:"宋体"; } @font-face{ font-family:"Calibri"; } p.MsoNormal{ mso-style-name:正文; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt; } span.msoIns{ mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single; color:blue; } span.msoDel{ mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:line-through; color:red; } @page{mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;}@page Section0{ } div.Section0{page:Section0;}

陈颖怡 唐山市人民医院

一般的，如果患者有过敏性鼻炎、湿疹或者家族中的直系亲属有过敏、哮喘史，那么患哮喘的可能性会增大。患者的鼻子一般会有过敏性鼻炎或鼻息肉病的症状表现，部分患者还会表现出呼吸末哮鸣音，尤其是在用力呼吸时表现明显，但也可能不出现此症状。除了以上表现，还需要严谨科学的检测才可确诊哮喘。目前，临床上采用肺功能检查、过敏原检测来诊断哮喘。  @font-face{ font-family:"Times New Roman"; } @font-face{ font-family:"宋体"; } @font-face{ font-family:"Calibri"; } @font-face{ font-family:"等线"; } p.MsoNormal{ mso-style-name:正文; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt; } span.msoIns{ mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single; color:blue; } span.msoDel{ mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:line-through; color:red; } @page{mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;}@page Section0{ } div.Section0{page:Section0;}

陈颖怡 唐山市人民医院

哮喘的症状一般是咳嗽、胸闷、气喘，一般的，如果患者有过敏性鼻炎、湿疹或者家族中的直系亲属有过敏、哮喘史，那么患哮喘的可能性会增大。患者的鼻子一般会有过敏性鼻炎或鼻息肉病的症状表现，部分患者还会表现出呼吸末哮鸣音，尤其是在用力呼吸时表现明显，但也可能不出现此症状。除了以上表现，还需要严谨科学的检测才可确诊哮喘。目前，临床上采用肺功能检查、过敏原检测来诊断哮喘。

陈颖怡 唐山市人民医院

导致患者出现咳嗽的疾病有很多。根据患者症状表现确诊疾病类型，找到病因，对症下药才是最好的解决办法。这就要求我们要充分了解会引起咳嗽症状的几种常见疾病。胃食管反流这种消化系统疾病——胃食管反流病（GERD）可导致患者出现呼吸系统的不适。胃和十二指肠的内容物反流除了引起患者出现反酸、烧心等胃部不适，反流的胃酸还导致支气管黏膜释放炎症性物质，并间接使气管出现水肿，导致患者出现咳嗽甚至哮喘。咳嗽变异性哮喘--哮喘咳嗽变异性哮喘是哮喘的一种，并且可发展为典型哮喘。其与哮喘的发病机制相同，病理生理都表现为持续气道炎症反应和气道高反应。咳嗽变异性哮喘以慢性咳嗽为主要表现，咳嗽的时间较长，且多在早晨或晚上发生或加重。过敏性咳嗽目前认为过敏性咳嗽主要是由于患者吸入了特定的过敏原，使机体出现过敏反应。过敏性咳嗽以嗜酸性粒细胞性支气管炎为特点，不会伴有气道高反应性。患者唯一的症状是咳嗽急性发作，并且咳嗽一般在接触到花粉、尘螨等过敏原或刺激性气体后出现，也会在早晨和夜间加重，且在春秋两季多发。感冒咳嗽常见的流感也会导致患者出现咳嗽，但这种咳嗽是慢慢出现的，持续的时间不会很长，而且患者常常伴有发烧。区别疾病，对症下药引起咳嗽的疾病有那么多种，如何区分、对症下药呢？ @font-face{ font-family:"Times New Roman"; } @font-face{ font-family:"宋体"; } @font-face{ font-family:"Calibri"; } @font-face{ font-family:"等线"; } p.MsoNormal{ mso-style-name:正文; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt; } span.msoIns{ mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single; color:blue; } span.msoDel{ mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:line-through; color:red; } @page{mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;}@page Section0{ } div.Section0{page:Section0;}如果患者咳嗽的症状在夜间比白天明显减轻，并（或）伴有烧心、反酸等胃部不适，可认定为胃食管反流。这是因为夜间休息时食管下括约肌呈收缩状态，不容易出现食管反流，使得夜间咳嗽的症状减轻。这种情况推荐联合使用质子泵抑制剂（例如奥美拉唑）与促进胃动力药物（例如快力®枸橼酸莫沙必利）。临床数据显示，该治疗方案对75%的GERD患者有效。

陈颖怡 唐山市人民医院

你好，消化性溃疡分为胃溃疡和十二指肠溃疡。消化性溃疡最主要的发病时幽门螺杆菌感染，幽门螺杆菌破坏胃黏膜屏障功能，致使胃酸和胃蛋白酶反向弥散，消化自身胃壁，时间久了就会造成溃疡。除了有幽门螺杆菌感染，长期服用非甾体抗炎药（如布洛芬和阿司匹林），也会损伤黏膜屏障完整性，修复能力下降，这属于药物性溃疡。还有一种情况是应激性溃疡，它的机制和情绪有关，工作压力大、精神状态高度紧张等不良习惯持续刺激胃黏膜。

樊琼琼 复旦大学附属中山医院